pros and cons of descriptive representation pros and cons of descriptive representation

It enables both the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. pros and cons of descriptive representation. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. Weissberg, R. (1978). This is an increasing trend since the previous Congress had three states which had, Further, immigrants also form part of Congress who totals. That means the representatives are required to build consensus through compromise, which results in moderate, centrist policies instead of sliding to the left or the right. Naturalistic observation is around us and can used by the ordinary person to a psychologist in extensive research. The models have parameters which may be useful in understanding the focus of the matter such as a mean, standard deviation of the variable and standard deviation of the mean as examples. Minority representation, empowerment, and participation. Amazons Mechanical Turk is an online system through which workers can complete short tasks for compensation. Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. The substantive results are unchanged when we run the analyses on each dependent variable separately. The main question I consider in the paper is how to overcome the essentialism of descriptive representation. (1995). An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). As I write, descriptive representation by gender improves substantive outcomes for women in every polity for which we have a measure. Problems to select a suitable method: Information can be . Proportional Representations Pros and Cons. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. (1999). The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. 1. The party which receives the most votes in a proportional representation structure will work with other parties to form a full majority. In addition, it is possible to present a hypothesis and to expand the degree of knowledge about the event under investigation. The effect of black congressional representation on political participation. Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. Pros 1. Instead we express these parameters as a range of potential numbers, along with a degree of confidence. The researcher usually has high level of control over research variables. British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. These proportional representation pros and cons have certain benefits that allow for greater inclusion and variety. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we employ a novel experimental design to investigate how citizens feel about the relative importance of descriptive and substantive representation. Constituency influence in Congress. Descriptive research is one of the most basic forms of research that can be conducted to gain insights into a particular subject. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. Part of descriptive statistics is to characterize which model the variable presents to an observer. Stealth democracy: Americans beliefs about how government should work. In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. Descriptive names are one of the most simplistic solutions. I claim that a . In traditional elections, there are safe seats present for incumbents. 17 Pivotal Hydroelectricity Pros and Cons, 18 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of the Payback Period, 20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Leasing a Car, 19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Debt Financing, 24 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of a C Corporation, 16 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation, 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Gated Community, 17 Big Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups, 17 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Bonds, 19 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Annuities, 17 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising. Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. Gendering municipal government: Female descriptive representation and feelings of political trust. The Gender Action Portal (GAP) serves as an online tool for decision-makers across sectors. 2. When black constituents have black representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives, theyrate their representativeshigher than blacks with white representatives. 4. Koch, J. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representative's ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representative's ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. They basically consist of making a description of the variables to be measured in a phenomenon, and analyzing the incidence at the time that event occurs. 1. While Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in congress? We would also like to thank attendees at Vanderbilts Experimental Methods Speaker Series as well as anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. As its name says, this way of investigating describes, it does not explain. Pantoja, A. D., & Segura, G. M. (2003). In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. This method allows a researcher to watch someones uninhibited reactions compared to surveys or case surveys where you can answer truthfully or untruthfully. Princeton: Princeton University Press. It can be an unstable form of government. Berinsky, A. J., Huber, G. A., & Lenz, G. S. (2012). What is the future of reproductive rights? Post author: Post published: June 9, 2022 Post category: girls night out restaurants Post comments: new townhomes london ontario new townhomes london ontario All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. Descriptive designs -the current state of affairs, Provides a relatively complete picture, does not assess relationships among variables Experimental - impact on experimental manipulations on a dependent variable, Allows drawing of conclusions, Cannot experimentally manipulate many important variables, Descriptive research, this will not answer questions like how, when, why it has happened. Spirals of trust? Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. RSVP required: https://t.co/WHADcFVR4h, RT @HarvardIOP: JUST ANNOUNCED: Join @AbigailDisney, @KathyHughesFilm, @RebeccaReCap, Artemis Bell, and @SharBlock next Tuesday as they dis. 2. Watch the livestream here: https://t.co/JVFHDCOYJv, Many of us look at conflict as something wed rather avoid than engage in confidently. Since its origins in 1890 as one of the three main divisions of the University of Chicago, The University of Chicago Press has embraced as its mission the obligation to disseminate scholarship of the highest standard and to publish serious works that promote education, foster public understanding, and enrich cultural life. Congress in black and white. For example, those living in diverse communities might find 5 black representatives too low, whereas those living in homogeneous white communities might find 5 black representatives too high. They have no way of having that vote be represented. (2005). Additionally, it is possible to make future forecasts, although they are considered premature or basic. This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). There were pre-determined characteristics that the researchers wrote down on a spreadsheet, however, specific behaviors were recorded as they happened (i.e., the type of reaction that resulted from each person who picked up the card). Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. In, Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research in which investigators measure two variables and, Free association is one of the methods most closely linked to the psychoanalysisof Sigmund Freud, All Rights Reserved | View Non-AMP Version, Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research, Observational study definition characteristics techniques, Methodological framework definition/structure/examples, What are Research questions how to approach a study examples, What is Correlational research characteristics types and examples, What is free association origin contents of the unconscious problems. By using descriptive research in conjunction with other research methods, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of a particular topic or phenomenon. Probability of very confident evaluation of ballot accuracy. It is not always wise to compromise. tion rights. The results of the analysis suggest that black voters whose primary interaction on Election Day is with a black poll worker express greater confidence that their ballot, ballots across their local jurisdiction, and ballots across their state are counted accurately. Pitkin, H. F. (1967). The collection of research focuses on experimental approachesboth in the field and in the laboratoryand draws from multiple disciplines, including economics, psychology, and organizational behavior. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in https://www.linkedin.com/company/wappphks/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCII4gHJhDfpGjlojaME1bHQ, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/women-and-public-policy-program-seminar-s. Lack of Secrecy: Graphical representation makes the full presentation of information that may hamper the objective to keep something secret.. 5. Solving problems for constituents, especially problems involving government officials. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. Higher levels of education were associated with higher perceptions of fairness. Even in countries that have encouraged proportional representation, some of the largest changes that have occurred in those societies happened when an absolute majority was present within the government. The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation. 3. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Scholarship evaluating the substantive benefits of Latino representation has produced conflicting results. both the seat in the House of Representative and the Senate (Geiger et al). II. Supporters of descriptive representation anticipate that descriptive representatives behave in distinct ways through which they are able to provide better substantive representation than non-descriptive representatives. When the implementation of descriptive representation involves some costs in other values, paying those costs makes most sense in these specific historical contexts. 5. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. The analysis demonstrates that similar to other public policy spaces, descriptive representation in the administration of elections matters. On the other hand, to obtain qualitative information, the type of data obtained does not have to do with numbers or. Lawless, J. L. (2004). Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. (2015). They are a concern whether a medication can cause damage to the fetal. Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for.